Nail fungus (onychomycosis)

Nail fungus, medically termed onychomycosis, is a common fungal infection that primarily affects the toenails, though it can also occur on fingernails. It typically begins as a white or yellow spot under the tip of your nail, which gradually spreads, causing the nail to thicken, discolor (often turning yellow, brown, or even black), become brittle, and crumble at the edges. In some cases, it can also cause the nail to separate from the nail bed, a condition called onycholysis.

This infection is caused by various types of fungi, most commonly dermatophytes, which thrive in warm, moist environments. You can contract nail fungus from public places like showers, swimming pools, gyms, or even nail salons if tools aren't properly sterilized. Once the fungus penetrates the nail plate, it feeds on keratin, the protein that makes up your nails, and starts to grow, damaging the nail's structure. It's essential to treat nail fungus because it won't go away on its own; it can worsen, become painful, make walking difficult, or spread to other nails or surrounding skin (like athlete's foot).

You should seek treatment if you notice any of the aforementioned symptoms, particularly if the nail changes color, thickens, or causes discomfort. A dermatologist or podiatrist can accurately diagnose it and recommend appropriate treatment, which may involve oral medications, medicated nail polishes, or, in severe cases, nail removal. A practical tip to prevent nail fungus is to always ensure your nail technician uses sterilized tools and to avoid sharing personal nail clippers or files. Keeping your feet clean and dry, and wearing breathable shoes, also helps immensely!